大腦白質退化症即腎上腺腦白質失養症(Adrenoleukodystrophy,簡稱ALD),屬於先天性神經退化疾病,患者的大腦白質及腎上腺皮質出現超長鏈脂肪酸沈積,引致腦神經系統被侵蝕,影響神經傳導。
近年出現了非親屬臍血移植的成功案例。一對分別6歲及7歲的兄弟都患有大腦白質退化症,先後接受了非親屬臍血移植,兄弟二人的移植均快速及穩定,且沒出現嚴重併發症。移植後MRI顯示的腦部發炎亦迅速消失,經過20個月(兄)/ 13個月(弟)後二人情況穩定。
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